Lung and physical function in post COVID-19 and clinical and functional associations: a cross-sectional study in Brazil

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess exercise capacity, lung and physical function in COVID-19 survivors, and the association of lesion-level characteristics assessed by chest computed tomography, probable sarcopenia, and percentage of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide with clinical and functional variables. METHODS: This study was conducted in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. All patients had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 exposure history, pulmonary function, computed tomography, and functionality of the participants between 1 and 3 months of diagnosis of the disease were collected. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients after COVID-19 recovery were included in this study. Probable sarcopenia, reduction in percentage of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and a lower 6-min walk distance were observed after COVID-19 infection. Computed tomography>50% was associated with a longer length of stay and a lower percentage of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. Probable sarcopenia diagnosis was associated with a worse percentage of the predicted 6-min walk distance in relation to the predicted, absolute 6-min walk distance (m), percentage of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and percentage of total lung capacity. CONCLUSION: Muscle disability and lung dysfunction are common in COVID-19 survivors. Hospitalization was associated with the worst muscle force and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. Computed tomography characteristics could be a marker of prolonged hospital stay after the acute phase of COVID-19. Additionally, the probable diagnosis of sarcopenia could be a marker of impact on walking distance. These results highlight the need for long-term follow-up of those patients and rehabilitation programs.

Ruptura esplênica secundária à infeção por Plasmodium falciparum / Splenic rupture secondary to Plasmodium falciparum infection

A ruptura esplênica é uma complicação possível da malária. É importante pela dificuldade diagnóstica, pois um elevado índice de suspeição é necessário para um diagnóstico atempado. Pode condicionar uma hemorragia intraperitoneal e deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de quadros de dor abdominal, hipotensão e diminuição do hematócrito. Os autores descrevem o caso de um homem de 59 anos, com ruptura esplênica secundária à malária por Plasmodium falciparum, tendo realizado esplenectomia urgente. Com a apresentação do caso, os autores pretendem chamar a atenção para a necessidade de incluir esta afecção no diagnóstico diferencial dos doentes com malária e hipotensão refractária.

Splenic rupture is a possible complication of malaria. Due to its difficult diagnosis, it is important, because a high level of suspicion is needed for a timely diagnosis. It results in intraperitoneal bleeding and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, hypotension and low hematocrit. The authors report the case of a 59-year old man with splenic rupture secondary to malarial infection by Plasmodium Falciparum, who was treated with urgent splenectomy. This case is presented to remind the clinicians of include this entity in the differential diagnosis of patients with malaria and refractory hypotension.

An atypical spondylodiscitis: case report / Uma espondilodiscite atípica: relato de caso

Spondylodiscitis is a rare pathology, however its incidence has been rising in recent years. Its signs and symptoms are nonspecific therefore the diagnosis may be delayed from 2 to 6 months. The main symptom is back or neck pain but some patients may experience no pain. The authors report the case of an 82 year old man with a presentation of initial cough, followed by monoarthritis, then polyarthritis and finally paraparesis, accompanied by fever and elevation of infection markers. The insidious evolution delayed the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis as well as its treatment. The identified pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae, a very rare cause of spondylodiscitis. After 6 weeks of antibiotics the patient was discharged. Spondylodiscitis diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion due to its wide range of clinical presentations and must be ruled out when we are faced with a fever of unknown origin or an inappropriate response to treatment.

A espondilodiscite é uma patologia rara, porém sua incidência tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. Os seus sinais e sintomas não são específicos e, como tal, o diagnóstico pode ser atrasado de 2 a 6 meses. O principal sintoma é a dor nas costas ou no pescoço, mas alguns doentes podem não apresentar dor. Os autores relatam o caso de um homem de 82 anos, com uma apresentação inicial de tosse, seguida de monoartrite, depois poliartrite, e finalmente paraparésia, acompanhado de elevação dos parâmetros de infecção. A evolução insidiosa atrasou o diagnóstico de espondilodiscite, assim como o seu tratamento. O patogénio identificado foi Streptococcus pneumoniae, uma causa bastante rara de espondilodiscite. Após 6 semanas de anti-bioterapia o doente teve alta. A espondilodiscite é um diagnóstico que requer um alto nível de suspeição dada a ampla variedade de apresentações clínicas e deve ser excluída quando estamos perante um caso de febre de origem indeterminada ou uma resposta inadequada ao tratamento.